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M A R C H 2 0 1 6 POTATO GROWER 19 She emphasized the importance of potato storage. Early sprouting in storage depends on variety field con- ditions poor chemical application and mechanical failure. Applicators had pushed for a better treatment that would deliver a fast even and safe burn of sprouts. She mentioned that the 14 Zap potato sprout elimi- nator was named after Jim Zalewski. 14PEEP was also developed. It is a potato dormancy enhancer and sprout eliminator. Both 14PEEP and 14ZAP can only be dispersed by fog- ging. Ms. Waxman concluded from the research that 14ZAP provides effective burn of peeps and sprouts and 14PEEP provides both effective burn inhibition of sprouting. Syngenta Dr. Kiran Shetty mentioned several new Syngenta products of which the data were to be published in about 2 weeks after the Expo. Syngenta will have a program in place showing growers what to use depending on conditions. Introduction to Nichino America and its Products for Potatoes John Aigner Jr. stated that Nichino America was founded in 2001 head- quartered in Wilmington Deleware. It is a subsidiary of Nihon Nohyaku Company that had been founded in 1928. It is Japans oldest Agrochemical Manufacturer. He men- tioned some of their products such as TORAC Tolfenpyrad Insecticide and Fungicide with a new mode of action for target pests. TORAC 15EC is a new mode of action in potatoes that provides fast broad spectrum control of potato psyllid aphids and Colorado potato beetle. MONCUT in-furrow potato provides control of both seed and soilborne Rhizoctonia. Moncoat MZ seedtreatment offers control of both seedborne and soil- borne potato diseases. MONCOAT MZ provides control of Rhizoctonia solani And added sup- pression of Fusarium dry rot and Silver scurf. Post Harvest Test Results Jeff Miller Minnesota Department of Agriculture and Willem Schrage North Dakota State Seed Department reported on their post-harvest test results. Both states had a higher per- centage of eligible seed lots in the lower generations in 2015 compared to 2014. Willem Schrage concluded in his last presentation before retire- ment that PVYNTN and PMTV are two of the challenges remaining for seed potato certification because they may cause tuber necrosis. To manage PVYNTN one needs to plant as little inoculum as possible. Introduction of PMTV however should be avoided because there is no control of that virus after it has been introduced. Blemish Problems in Fresh Potatoes Dr. Andy Robinson NDSUUMN stated that blemishes are a problem for fresh potato growers because con- sumers buy with their eyes. They are more apparent on smooth skinned tubers. They reduce mar- ketability and total yield can spread in storage increasing tuber blemishes and can be difficult to identify and control. In a study of silver scurf and black dot on Red Norland and Yukon Gold Emesto Silver reduced blemish- es in all tests and Quadris Nubark Mancozeb Moncut 70 DF and Maxim 4FS reduced blemishes in three out of four trials. In their trial on 24-D 24-D did not negatively affect tubers Bringing Potato Seed to Your Farm What to Watch for Dr. Neil C Gudmestad NDSU stated that the potato is the worlds most important vegetable. The potatos method of propagation and crop growth makes it very susceptible to diseases. Globally there are more than 150 diseases of potato of which around 40 are economically impor- tant. All diseases can be carried either on or in the seed tuber. Dr. Gudmestad emphasized the important risk associated with importing potato diseases with seed and continued by defining an inva- sive or exotic species as an organism plant microbe or animal that is not native to a specific location but have been introduced. Because they have been introduced they have no natu- ral enemies to dampen their spread. The net result is that invasive pathogens have a tendency to spread uncontrolled due to their lack of ene- mies and due to their ability to go undetected. Dr. Gudmestad indicated that there are four types of seed borne pathogens Type I- Pathogen passively carried on the seed surface usually in soil adhered to the tuber. Examples include any soil borne pathogen such as Verticillium dahliae Phytophthora erythroseptica Spongospora subterranea potato cyst nematodes. Type II- Pathogen carried in seed coat or in periderm skin of potato tuber. Examples include the silver scurf and black dot pathogens common and powdery scab pathogens Erwinia Pectobacterium in lenticels. Type III- Pathogen in seed endosperm or vascular system of propagule tuber. Examples include ring rot bacterium V. dahliae Erwinia Pectobacterium Dickeya sp. phytoplas- mas. Type IV- Pathogen carried systemical- ly in seed embryo or in all internal tis-