b'in2021comparedtootheryears.maryemphasisof ProducersinND,MNandbeyondourprogramis look to our program for both brightbrightred-skinned red-skinned selections that producegenotypeswith predominantlyA-sizedtubers,aswhiteoryellow wellasthosewithhightuberset,flesh and many of thus we attempt to breed and selectthe2021entries for both market types. hadsuperiorcolor (rated as a 3.8 and Heatstressandminimalmoisturehigher)compared resultedinlowyieldsandsmalltotheindustry tuber size. Mean total yield (Table 2)standardsRed was 106 cwt./acre, and differed sig- NorlandandRed nificantly across genotypes, rangingLaSoda.Littlehol-from51forND1382-2Rto178lowheart,brown cwt./acreforND1390-2RY,evencenter or other dis- While typical reds for the fresh market combine bright red skin color with white flesh, two selections, ND1232-lower than in 2020. Similarly, yieldorderswerenoted,1RY and ND1232-2RY have yellow flesh, making them ofAsizedtubers(USNo.1s)wasthusdataarenotboth pretty and tasty.meager,rangingfrom0to63reportedhere.Specificgravitydif- edinFigure1.Blackspotresults cwt/acre,withpercentageAsizefered significantly for clones, rang- whentubersbumparoundduring rangingfrom0%formanyselec- ing from 1.0651 for ND13109-2RY,harvestandhandling,resultingin tions, to 39% for Red LaSoda; both Ato 1.1007 for ND1241-1Y a dual-pur- polyphenoloxidaseandtyrosine sizedyieldandpercentagedifferedpose yellow selection suited for bothcombiningwithindamagedcells, significantly across entries as expect- the fresh market and chip process- and generally the tuber skin is not ed. The percentage of 0 to 4-ounceing.Elevatedspecificgravitiesarebrokenmakingbruisesdifficultto size tubers ranged from 53% for Redexpectedduringseasonswithdrydetect without peeling. Conversely, LaSoda to 100% for several high set- growingconditions,althoughheatshatterbruiseresultswhentubers tingselections.Thepercentagestress often reduces specific gravity.bumpintooneanotheror tubers 4-6 ounce ranged from 0% toGeneralratingscores,basicallyaunpadded equipment, breaking the 33% for Yukon Gold. Very few 6 tobreeder merit score given at gradingskin (you may hear it referred to as 10-ounce tubers or oversized tubersreflecting yield, the tuber size pro- thumbnail cracking or other similar were produced.file,tubercolorandshape,andterm).Blackspotbruisepotential external defects, differed significant- differedsignificantlyacrossthe Freshmarketqualityattributesarely; the mean was 3.3, with a rangegenotypes with a mean across geno-summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1,from 2.4 for ND1382-2R to 3.8 fortypes of 2.1.Many clones were sim-including tuber skin color, scurf rat- ND1232-2RYandDakotaRuby.ilar to Red Norland with a mean of ing,specificgravity,andbruiseSome selections were injured during2.4. We predict shatter bruise poten-potential.Skincolorrangedfromharvest and handling including thetialbybringingpulptemperatures yellow (Y) for ND1241-1Y, Gala, andND1382-2RandND1393Y-3Randto 45F for a week, then dropping the YukonGold,topurple(P)forwere rotting. Blackspot and shattertubersthroughachamberwith ND1243-1PYandAllBlue.Apri- bruise evaluation results are report- unpadded digger chain link baffles. 18 POTATO GROWER APRIL 2022'